Which of the following is NOT an effect typically associated with opioids?

Opioids are well-known for their specific pharmacological effects, which include respiratory depression, sedation, and euphoria. These effects arise from the interaction of opioids with receptors in the central nervous system.

Respiratory depression occurs because opioids can inhibit the brainstem's respiratory centers, leading to decreased respiratory rate and depth. Sedation is another common effect, as opioids often produce drowsiness or a calming effect, making them useful for pain relief and as adjuncts in anesthesia. Euphoria is also noted as opioids can stimulate the release of dopamine in the brain's reward system, which contributes to feelings of well-being or intense pleasure.

In contrast, increased alertness is not typically associated with opioids. Instead, these substances are generally sedative, leading to a reduction in alertness and cognitive function, making it challenging for individuals to maintain a high level of awareness or attention. This quality separates opioids from stimulants, which would indeed cause increased alertness. Therefore, it is accurate to identify increased alertness as NOT an effect typically associated with opioids.