Which of the following factors can lead to increased drug resistance?

Increased drug resistance is primarily associated with the inappropriate use of antibiotics, which is exemplified by prescribing antibiotics for viral infections. Antibiotics are specifically designed to target bacterial infections; however, when they are misused for viral infections, they do not effectively combat the pathogens causing the illness. This misuse contributes to a cycle where bacteria are exposed to antibiotics without being eliminated, leading to the survival of resistant strains. These resistant bacteria can then replicate, spreading their drug-resistant traits, ultimately diminishing the effectiveness of antibiotics for treating even bacterial infections in the future.

In contrast, proper use of antibiotics helps to maintain their effectiveness and prevents the emergence of resistance. Educating patients about their treatment fosters better adherence to prescribed regimens, encouraging the correct use of medications. Frequent hand washing is an essential public health measure that reduces infection transmission, limiting the need for antibiotics in the first place. Thus, the option that highlights inappropriate antibiotic use stands out as a significant factor contributing to the rise of drug resistance.