What is the primary mechanism of action for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

The primary mechanism of action for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. These enzymes are crucial for the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins, which are compounds involved in the inflammatory response, pain sensation, and fever regulation. By inhibiting the COX enzymes, NSAIDs effectively reduce the production of prostaglandins, leading to decreased inflammation, alleviation of pain, and lowering of fever. This overarching effect explains the therapeutic use of these drugs in conditions like arthritis, muscle pain, and other inflammatory disorders.

The other mechanisms mentioned, such as phosphodiesterase inhibition, blockade of calcium channels, and stimulation of opioid receptors, relate to different classes of medications and do not pertain to the pharmacodynamic actions of NSAIDs. Thus, it is the specific action on cyclooxygenase that distinguishes NSAIDs and underlines their role in managing pain and inflammation effectively.