What effect does aging have on drug pharmacokinetics?

Aging significantly impacts the pharmacokinetics of drugs, which includes absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. As individuals age, physiological changes occur that can alter these processes. For instance, factors such as decreased liver size and blood flow can slow drug metabolism, while renal function often declines, leading to decreased drug elimination. These changes may increase the risk of drug accumulation and adverse effects if doses are not adjusted accordingly.

Therefore, it is often necessary to modify medication dosages in older adults to ensure efficacy while minimizing potential toxicity. This adjustment is essential due to both diminished physiological functions and increased sensitivity to medications as people age. Consequently, healthcare providers must carefully evaluate and individualize treatment plans for elderly patients to promote safe and effective pharmacotherapy.